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Accidente cerebrovascular - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad cerebrovascular; Derrame cerebral; ACV; Infarto cerebral; Hemorragia cerebral; Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico; Accidente cerebrovascular de tipo isquémico; Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico

Síntomas:

Los síntomas del accidente cerebrovascular dependen de qué parte del cerebro esté dañada. En algunos casos, es posible que una persona ni siquiera se dé cuenta de que ha tenido un accidente cerebrovascular.

Los síntomas generalmente se presentan de manera súbita y sin aviso o pueden ocurrir a intervalos durante el primero o segundo día. Los síntomas por lo general son más graves apenas sucede el accidente cerebrovascular, pero pueden empeorar lentamente.

Se puede presentar un dolor de cabeza, especialmente si el accidente cerebrovascular es causado por sangrado en el cerebro. El dolor de cabeza:

  • Comienza repentinamente y puede ser intenso.
  • Ocurre al estar acostado.
  • Lo despierta.
  • Empeora cuando se cambia de posición o cuando se agacha, hace esfuerzo o tose.

Otros síntomas dependen de la gravedad del accidente cerebrovascular y de la parte del cerebro afectada. Los síntomas pueden abarcar:

Pruebas y exámenes:

Se debe hacer un examen completo. El médico:

  • Verificará si hay problemas con la visión, el movimiento, la sensibilidad, los reflejos, la comprensión y el habla. El médico y el personal de enfermería repetirán este examen con el tiempo para ver si el accidente cerebrovascular está empeorando o mejorando.
  • Auscultará para ver si hay un ruido anormal, llamado "soplo", al usar un estetoscopio para escuchar las arterias carótidas en el cuello. Un soplo es causado por flujo sanguíneo anormal.
  • Revisará la presión arterial, la cual puede estar alta.

Los exámenes le pueden ayudar al médico a encontrar el tipo, la localización y la causa del accidente cerebrovascular y descartar otros trastornos.

Otros exámenes abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 6/24/2011
  • Reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Latchaw RE, Alberts MJ, Lev MH, Connors JJ, Harbaugh RE, Higashida RT, et al. Recommendations for imaging of acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009;40:3646-3678. Epub 2009 Sep 24.

Del Zoppo GJ, Saver JL, Jauch EC, Adams HP Jr: American Heart Association Stroke Council, Expansion of the time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2009;40:2945-2948. Epub 2009 May 28.

Chung CS, Caplan LR. Stroke and other neurovascular disorders. In: Goetz, CG, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 45.

Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:227-276.

Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, Appel LJ, Braun LT, Chaturvedi S, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:517-584.

Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC 3rd, Anderson C, Becker K, Broderick JP, Connolly ES Jr, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2010;41:2108-2129.

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