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Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Disfunción hereditaria del nervio peroneo; Neuropatía hereditaria del peroneo; Atrofia muscular neuropática progresiva del peroneo; Neuropatía hereditaria sensoriomotora

Síntomas:

Los nervios que estimulan el movimiento (llamados nervios motores) resultan afectados con la mayor gravedad. Los nervios en las piernas son los primeros y más gravemente afectados.

Los síntomas generalmente comienzan entre la infancia media y el inicio de la adultez y pueden abarcar:

  • Deformidad del pie (arco del pie muy alto).
  • Caída del pie (incapacidad para sostenerlo horizontalmente).
  • Pérdida de la masa muscular de la extremidad inferior que lleva a pantorrillas muy delgadas.
  • Entumecimiento en el pie o la pierna.
  • Marcha "espasmódica" (el pie golpea fuertemente el piso al caminar).
  • Debilidad de las caderas, piernas o pies.

Posteriormente, pueden aparecer síntomas similares en los brazos y las manos, lo cual puede incluir una deformidad de la mano en forma de garra.

Pruebas y exámenes:

Un examen físico puede mostrar:

  • Dificultad para levantar el pie y hacer movimientos del dedo gordo hacia afuera
  • Falta de reflejos miotáticos en las piernas
  • Pérdida del control muscular y atrofia (contracción de los músculos) en el pie o la pierna
  • Haz de nervios engrosados bajo la piel de las piernas

Una biopsia del músculo o biopsia del nervio puede confirmar el diagnóstico. Con frecuencia se practican exámenes de conducción nerviosa para diferenciar diversas formas de este trastorno.

Las pruebas genéticas están disponibles para la mayoría de las formas de esta enfermedad.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/4/2011
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sarnat HB. Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 612.
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