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Accidente isquémico transitorio - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Mini derrame cerebral; Ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT); Accidente cerebrovascular pequeño

Tratamiento:

El objetivo es prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular.

Si usted ha tenido un AIT dentro de las últimas 48 horas, probablemente lo hospitalicen para que los médicos puedan buscar la causa y dejarlo en observación.

La hipertensión, la cardiopatía, la diabetes y los trastornos sanguíneos se deben tratar en la medida de lo necesario.

Usted puede recibir anticoagulantes, como el ácido acetilsalicílico (aspirin), para reducir la coagulación sanguínea. Otras opciones comprenden: dipiridamol, clopidrogel, Aggrenox o heparina, Coumadin o medicamentos similares. Usted puede recibir tratamiento por un período de tiempo prolongado.

Algunas personas que presentan obstrucción de las arterias del cuello pueden necesitar cirugía (endarterectomía carotídea).

Pronóstico:

Los AIT no causan daño duradero al cerebro.

Sin embargo, son un signo de advertencia de que usted puede sufrir un accidente cerebrovascular verdadero algún día. Más del 10% de las personas que experimentan un AIT tendrán un accidente cerebrovascular dentro de un período de 3 meses. La mitad de estos accidentes cerebrovasculares suceden durante las 48 horas posteriores a un AIT. El accidente cerebrovascular puede ocurrir ese mismo día o en una fecha posterior. Algunas personas presentan únicamente un solo episodio y algunas tienen más de uno.

Las posibilidades de un accidente cerebrovascular futuro se pueden reducir con un control cuidadoso con el médico para el manejo de los factores de riesgo.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Un AIT es una emergencia médica. Llame al 911 (en los Estados Unidos) u otro número local de emergencias inmediatamente. No ignore los síntomas sólo porque estos desaparezcan, pues pueden ser una advertencia de un accidente cerebrovascular futuro.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/18/2011
  • Kevin Sheth, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:227-276.

Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, Appel LJ, Braun LT, Chaturvedi S, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:517-584.

Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, Alberts MJ, Chaturvedi S, Feldmann E, et al. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Stroke. 2009 Jun;40(6):2276-93.

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