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Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Tourette

Definición:

Es una afección que lleva a las personas a realizar movimientos o sonidos rápidos y repetitivos que no pueden controlar. Estos movimientos o sonidos se llaman tics.

El trastorno comúnmente se denomina síndrome de Tourette.

Ver también:

Causas:

El síndrome de Tourette recibe el nombre por Georges Gilles de la Tourette, quien fue el primero en describir este trastorno en 1885. Existe evidencia fuerte de que este síndrome se transmite de padres a hijos, aunque el gen aún no se ha encontrado.

El síndrome puede estar ligado a problemas en ciertas áreas del cerebro. Es posible que tenga que ver con sustancias químicas (dopamina, serotonina y norepinefrina) que ayudan a las neuronas a comunicarse entre sí.

El síndrome de Tourette puede ser grave o leve. Aproximadamente el 10% de los estadounidenses padecen un trastorno de tic leve, pero muchos menos tienen formas más severas del síndrome de Tourette. Muchas personas con tics muy leves pueden no ser conscientes de ellos y nunca buscan atención médica.

La probabilidad de que este síndrome ocurra es cuatro veces mayor tanto en niños como en niñas.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/5/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Gleason MM, Boris NW, Dalton R. Habit and tic disorders. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 23.

Jankovic J, Lang AE. Movement disorders: diagnosis and assessment. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 23.

Lang A. Other movement disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 434.

Kurlan R. Clinical practice Tourette's Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(24):2332-2338.

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