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Demencia - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome cerebral crónico; Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy; DCL; Demencia vascular; Deterioro cognitivo leve; DCL

Definición:

Es una pérdida de la función cerebral que ocurre con ciertas enfermedades y afecta la memoria, el pensamiento, el lenguaje, el juicio y el comportamiento.

Ver también: mal de Alzheimer

Causas:

La mayoría de los tipos de demencia son irreversibles (degenerativos). Irreversible significa que los cambios en el cerebro que están causando la demencia no pueden detenerse ni devolverse. El mal de Alzheimer es el tipo más común de demencia.

La demencia de los cuerpos de Lewy (DCL) es una causa importante de demencia en adultos mayores. Las personas con esta afección tienen estructuras proteínicas anormales en ciertas áreas del cerebro.

La demencia también puede deberse a muchos accidentes cerebrovasculares pequeños, lo cual se denomina demencia vascular.

Las siguientes afecciones médicas también pueden llevar a la demencia:

Algunas causas de demencia se pueden detener o contrarrestar si se detectan a tiempo, incluyendo:

La demencia generalmente ocurre en la edad avanzada, es poco común en personas menores de 60 años y el riesgo de padecerla se incrementa a medida que una persona envejece.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/29/2009
  • Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Brewer JB, Gabrieli JDE, Preston AR, Vaidya CJ, Rosen AC. Memory. In: Goetz CG, ed. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 5.

Farlow MR, Cummings JL. Effective pharmacologic management of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med, 2007;120:388-397.

Burns A, Iliffe S. Alzheimer's disease. BMJ. 2009;338:b158.doi:10.1136/bmj.b158.

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