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Neuritis óptica - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Neuritis retro-orbitaria

Tratamiento:

La visión a menudo retorna a la normalidad al cabo de 2 a 3 semanas sin ningún tratamiento.

Los corticosteroides administrados por vía intravenosa (IV) pueden acelerar la recuperación. Las dosis más altas se deben usar con precaución, ya que pueden tener efectos secundarios graves.

Es posible que sea necesario realizar pruebas adicionales para determinar la causa de la neuritis y luego se puede tratar la afección causante del problema.

Pronóstico:

Los pacientes que padecen neuritis óptica sin una enfermedad, como la esclerosis múltiple, tienen una buena posibilidad de recuperación.

La neuritis óptica ocasionada por esclerosis múltiple u otras enfermedades autoinmunitarias, como el lupus eritematoso sistémico, tiene un pronóstico desalentador, aunque la visión en el ojo afectado puede aún retornar a la normalidad.

Posibles complicaciones:

  • Efectos secundarios en todo el cuerpo por los corticosteroides
  • Pérdida de la visión

Aproximadamente un 20% de pacientes con un primer episodio de neuritis óptica desarrollará inflamación de la vaina de mielina en otros sitios o presentará esclerosis múltiple.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Consulte inmediatamente con el médico si se presenta una pérdida repentina de la visión en un ojo.

Si padece neuritis óptica, consulte con el médico si:

  • La visión disminuye
  • Desarrolla dolor ocular
  • Los síntomas no mejoran con el tratamiento
  • Reviewed last on: 8/29/2009
  • Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Germann CA, Baumann MR, Hamzavi S. Ophthalmic diagnoses in the ED: optic neuritis. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:834-837.

Johnston MV. Demyelinating Disorders of the CNS. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 600.

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