A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

Polineuropatía sensitivomotora - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Polineuropatía sensoriomotora

Definición:

La polineuropatía sensitivomotora causa una disminución en la capacidad para moverse o sentir (sensibilidad) debido a un daño neurológico.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Neuropatía quiere decir enfermedad o daño a los nervios. Cuando ocurre por fuera del cerebro o la médula espinal, se denomina neuropatía periférica. Mononeuropatía quiere decir que un nervio está comprometido, mientras que polineuropatía significa que muchos nervios están comprometidos.

La neuropatía puede afectar los nervios que suministran la sensibilidad (neuropatía sensorial) o causan el movimiento (neuropatía motora). También puede afectar a ambos, en cuyo caso se denomina neuropatía sensitivomotora.

La polineuropatía sensitivomotora es un proceso en todo el cuerpo (sistémico) que daña las neuronas, las fibras nerviosas (axones) y las cubiertas de los nervios (vaina de mielina). El daño a la cubierta de la neurona provoca el retardo en la conducción de las señales nerviosas y el daño a la fibra nerviosa o a toda la neurona puede hacer que el nervio deje de funcionar.

El daño al nervio puede ser causado por:

  • Afecciones que ejercen presión sobre los nervios
  • Reducción del flujo sanguíneo al nervio
  • Enfermedades que destruyen la goma (tejido conectivo) que mantiene las células y tejidos juntos
  • Hinchazón (inflamación) de los nervios

Algunas enfermedades llevan a polineuropatía que es principalmente sensorial o principalmente motora. Las posibles causas de la polineuropatía sensitivomotora son:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/6/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Luc Jasmin, MD, PhD, Department of Neurolosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and Department of Anatomy at UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Shy ME. Peripheral neuropathies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 446.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.800.492.5538