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Neuropatía autónoma - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Neuropatía autonómica

Definición:

Es un grupo de síntomas que ocurren cuando hay daño a los nervios que controlan funciones corporales cotidianas como la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca, la evacuación de los intestinos y de la vejiga y la digestión.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La neuropatía autónoma es una forma de neuropatía periférica y corresponde a un grupo de síntomas, no a una enfermedad específica. Existen muchas causas.

La neuropatía autónoma implica un daño a los nervios que corren a través de una parte del sistema nervioso periférico. Este sistema comprende los nervios que se usan para la comunicación hacia y desde el cerebro y la médula espinal (sistema nervioso central) y las demás partes del cuerpo, entre otras, los órganos internos, los músculos, la piel y los vasos sanguíneos.

Un daño a los nervios autónomos afecta la función de áreas conectadas al nervio que tiene el problema. Por ejemplo, un daño en los nervios del tracto gastrointestinal dificulta la movilización del alimento durante la digestión (disminución de la motilidad gástrica).

Un daño en los nervios que suministran la inervación a los vasos sanguíneos causa problemas con la presión arterial y la temperatura del cuerpo.

La neuropatía autónoma está asociada con lo siguiente

  • Reviewed last on: 10/4/2010
  • Daniel Kantor, MD, Medical Director of Neurologique, Ponte Vedra, FL and President of the Florida Society of Neurology (FSN). Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Shy ME. Peripheral neuropathies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 446.

In the clinic. Type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jan 2;146(1):ITC1-15.

Benarroch E, Freeman R, Kaufman H. Autonomic nervous system. In: Goetz CG, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 21.

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