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Malformación arteriovenosa cerebral - Overview

Nombres alternativos

MAV cerebral

Definición:

Es una conexión anormal entre las arterias y las venas en el cerebro que por lo general se forma antes de nacer.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Se desconoce la causa de la malformación arteriovenosa cerebral (MAV). La afección ocurre cuando las arterias en el cerebro se conectan directamente con las venas cercanas, sin tener los vasos normales (capilares) entre ellas.

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas varían en tamaño y ubicación en el cerebro.

Una ruptura de una malformación arteriovenosa ocurre debido a la presión y daño al tejido del vaso sanguíneo. Esto permite que la sangre se escape hacia el cerebro o los tejidos circundantes y reduce la circulación al cerebro.

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas ocurren en menos del 1% de las personas y, aunque la afección está presente al nacer, los síntomas pueden presentarse a cualquier edad. Las hemorragias ocurren con más frecuencia en personas de 15 a 20 años, pero también se pueden dar posteriormente en la vida. Algunos pacientes con una MAV también tienen aneurismas cerebrales.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/4/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Selman WR, Blackham K, Tarr RW, Ratcheson RA. Vascular diseases of the nervous system: Vascular malformations. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel Gm, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 55D.

Zivin JA. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 237:chap 432.

Brown RD Jr. Unruptured brain AVMs: To treat or not to treat. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:195-196.

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