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Mononeuropatía - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Neuropatía; Mononeuritis aislada

Definición:

Es el daño a un solo nervio o a un grupo de nervios que produce pérdida del movimiento, la sensibilidad u otra función de ese nervio.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La mononeuropatía es un tipo de daño a nervios por fuera del cerebro y la médula espinal (neuropatía periférica).

La mononeuropatía es causada con mayor frecuencia por lesión, aunque ocasionalmente los trastornos en todo el cuerpo (sistémicos) pueden causar daños aislados a los nervios.

La presión prolongada sobre un nervio debido a hinchazón o lesión puede ocasionar mononeuropatía. La cubierta del nervio (vaina de la mielina) o de una parte de la neurona (el axón) pueden resultar dañados. Este daño retarda o impide que las señales viajen a través de los nervios afectados.

La mononeuropatía puede comprometer cualquier parte del cuerpo y algunas de las formas más comunes son:

Sistema nervioso central

Reviewed last on: 8/27/2010
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Shy ME. Peripheral neuropathies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 446.

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