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Enfermedad de Wilson - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Degeneración hepatolenticular

Definición:

Es un trastorno hereditario en el cual hay demasiado cobre en los tejidos corporales. El exceso de cobre causa daño al hígado y al sistema nervioso.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno hereditario poco común. En caso de que ambos padres porten un gen anormal para la enfermedad de Wilson, hay un 25% de posibilidades en cada embarazo de que el niño tenga el trastorno.

La enfermedad de Wilson hace que el cuerpo absorba y conserve demasiado cobre, el cual se deposita en el hígado, el cerebro, los riñones y los ojos. Los depósitos de cobre ocasionan daño tisular, muerte del tejido y cicatrización, lo cual hace que los órganos afectados dejen de funcionar bien.

Esta enfermedad es más común en personas de Europa oriental, Sicilia y la parte sur de Italia, aunque se puede presentar en cualquier grupo. Este trastorno aparece típicamente en personas menores de 40 años. En los niños, los síntomas comienzan a aparecer alrededor de los 4 años.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/10/2010
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kaler SG. Wilson's disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 230.

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