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Esclerosis tuberosa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Adenoma sebáceo

Definición:

Es un grupo de dos trastornos genéticos que afectan la piel, el cerebro, el sistema nervioso, los riñones y el corazón, y hacen que los tumores crezcan. Las enfermedades reciben el nombre por un crecimiento en el cerebro en forma de tubérculo o raíz.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La esclerosis tuberosa es hereditaria. Los cambios (mutaciones) en dos genes, TSC1 y TSC2, son responsables de la mayoría de los casos de esta afección.

Sólo uno de los padres necesita transmitir la mutación para que su hijo adquiera la enfermedad. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los casos se deben a nuevas mutaciones, así que normalmente no existe un antecedente familiar de la enfermedad.

Esta enfermedad es una de un grupo de enfermedades llamadas síndromes neurocutáneos. Hay compromiso tanto de la piel como del sistema nervioso central (cerebro y médula espinal).

No existen factores de riesgo conocidos distintos a tener un progenitor con esclerosis tuberosa, en cuyo caso, cada niño tiene un 50% de probabilidades de heredar la enfermedad.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/10/2010
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Haslam RHA. Neurocutaneous syndromes. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 596.

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