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Sonambulismo - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Caminar durante el sueño; Caminar dormido

Definición:

Es un trastorno que ocurre cuando las personas caminan o realizan otra actividad estando aún dormidas.

Causas:

El ciclo normal del sueño tiene distintas etapas, desde somnolencia leve hasta el sueño profundo. Durante el sueño con movimientos oculares rápidos (MOR), los ojos se mueven rápidamente y son más comunes los sueños vívidos.

Cada noche, las personas pasan por varios ciclos de sueño desincronizado y sueño sincronizado o profundo. El hecho de caminar dormido (sonambulismo) ocurre con mayor frecuencia durante el sueño profundo sincronizado, en las primeras horas de la noche (etapas del sueño 3 o 4). Si ocurre durante el sueño desincronizado, es parte del trastorno del comportamiento relacionado con el sueño MOR y tiende a suceder cerca de la mañana.

Usualmente, no se conoce la causa del sonambulismo en los niños, pero está asociado con fatiga, falta de sueño y ansiedad. En los adultos, el sonambulismo puede ocurrir con:

  • Alcohol, sedantes u otro medicamento.
  • Afecciones médicas, tales como convulsiones parciales y complejas.
  • Trastornos mentales.

En los ancianos, el sonambulismo puede ser un síntoma de síndrome psicorgánico o trastornos del comportamiento relacionados con el sueño MOR.

El sonambulismo puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero sucede con mayor frecuencia en los niños de 5 a 12 años de edad, y parece ser hereditario.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/22/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Chokroverty S. Sleep and its disorders. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 72.

Mahowald MW. Disorders of sleep. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 429.

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