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Alergias - Prevention

Prevención:

Amamantar a los niños durante al menos cuatro meses o más puede ayudar a prevenir la dermatitis atópica, la alergia a la leche de vaca y las sibilancias en la primera infancia.

Sin embargo, cambiar la dieta de una madre durante el embarazo o durante la lactancia no parece ayudar a prevenir afecciones relacionadas con las alergias.

Para la mayoría de los niños, cambiar la dieta o las leches maternizadas (fórmulas) especiales no parece prevenir estos problemas. Si hay antecedentes familiares de eccema y alergias en uno de los padres, hermano o hermana, hable con el pediatra acerca de la alimentación de su bebé. El momento apropiado para introducir alimentos sólidos en general, al igual que el uso de varios alimentos específicos, puede ayudar a prevenir algunas alergias.

Igualmente existe alguna evidencia de que los bebés expuestos a ciertos alergenos transmitidos a través del aire (como los ácaros del polvo y la caspa de los gatos) tienen menos probabilidad de desarrollar alergias conexas. Esto se denomina la "hipótesis de la higiene" y surgió de la observación de que los bebés en las granjas tienden a tener más pocas alergias que los bebés que crecen en ambientes más estériles.

Una vez que las alergias se han desarrollado, el hecho de tratarlas y evitar cuidadosamente las cosas que causan reacciones pueden prevenirlas en el futuro.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/29/2010
  • Paula J. Busse, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA, et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Aug:122(2).

Kurowski K, Boxer RW. Food allergies: detection and management. American Family Physician. 2008 June:77(12).

Bielory L, Friedlaender MH. Allergic conjunctivitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2008 Feb;28(1):43-58, vi.

Sicherer S, Sampson HA. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2010 Feb 125 (2 suppl2) S116-25.

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