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Alergias farmacológicas - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Reacción alérgica a un fármaco (medicamento); Hipersensibilidad farmacológica; Hipersensibilidad a medicamentos

Prevención:

Generalmente, no hay una manera conocida de prevenir una alergia farmacológica.

Si usted tiene una alergia conocida a un fármaco, la mejor manera de prevenir una reacción alérgica es evitando el medicamento. Es posible que también se le solicite evitar medicamentos similares. Por ejemplo, si usted es alérgico a la penicilina, también debe evitar la amoxicilina y la ampicilina.

En algunos casos, el médico puede aprobar el uso de un fármaco que cause una alergia si usted recibe un tratamiento previo con corticosteroides (como prednisona) y antihistamínicos (como difenhidramina). No trate de hacer esto sin la supervisión de un médico. Se ha demostrado que el tratamiento previo con corticosteroides y antihistamínicos previene la anafilaxia en personas que necesitan un medio de contraste yodado para rayos X.

El médico también puede recomendar la "desensibilización". Este procedimiento debe hacerse bajo supervisión médica cuidadosa e implica administrar dosis muy pequeñas del medicamento durante un período específico de tiempo. No intente esto sin la presencia de su médico.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/29/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Paula J. Busse, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Celik G, Pichler WJ, Adkinson NF Jr. Drug Allergy. In Adkinson NF Jr., , eds. Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Mosby Elsevier; 2008: chap 68.

Grammer LC. Drug allergy. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 275.

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