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Cáncer de piel escamocelular - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Cáncer de células escamosas de la piel; Carcinoma escamocelular de la piel; Cáncer cutáneo escamocelular no melanoma; Cáncer cutáneo no melanoma (CCNM) escamocelular

Definición:

Es un tipo de tumor que afecta la piel.

Causas:

El cáncer escamocelular se presenta cuando las células en la piel comienzan a cambiar. Los cambios pueden comenzar en la piel normal o en piel que ha resultado lesionada o inflamada. La mayoría de los cánceres de la piel ocurre en áreas cutáneas regularmente expuestas a la luz del sol o a otro tipo de radiación ultravioleta y, con mayor frecuencia, se observan en personas mayores de 50 años.

El carcinoma escamocelular in situ (también llamado enfermedad de Bowen) es la forma más incipiente de cáncer escamocelular. El cáncer aún no ha invadido el tejido circundante y aparece como parches grandes y rojizos (con frecuencia de más de una pulgada) que son descamativos y con costra.

La queratosis actínica es una lesión cutánea precancerosa y, en raras ocasiones, puede convertirse en cáncer escamocelular.

Los riesgos para el cáncer de piel escamocelular abarcan:

  • Tener piel clara, ojos azules o verdes y cabello rubio o rojo
  • Exposición diaria al sol por tiempo prolongado (como en las personas que trabajan al aire libre)
  • Quemaduras solares múltiples y severas a comienzos de la vida
  • Edad avanzada
  • Un gran número de radiografías
  • Arsénico
  • Exposición química

El escamocelular se disemina más rápido que el cáncer de células basales, pero aún puede tener un crecimiento relativamente lento. En raras ocasiones, se puede propagar (hacer metástasis) a otros lugares, incluyendo órganos internos.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/12/2009
  • Jonathan Kantor, MD, North Florida Dermatology Associates, Jacksonville, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2006. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2006.

Basal cell and squamous cell cancers: NCCN Medical Practice Guidelines and Oncology:V.1.2009. Accessed July 15, 2009.

Hexsel CL, Bangert SD, Hebert AA, et al. Current sunscreen issues: 2007 Food and Drug Administration sunscreen labeling recommendations and combination sunscreen/insect repellant products. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:316-323.

Lautenschlager S, Wulf HC, Pittelkow MR. Photoprotection. The Lancet [Early online publication], May 3, 2007.

Ridky TW. Nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:484-501.

Wood GS, Gunkel J, Stewart D, et al. Nonmelanoma skin cancers: basal and squamous cell carcinomas. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Nierderhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone;2008:chap 74.

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