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Eccema atópico - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Dermatitis atópica; Eccema infantil; Dermatitis de tipo atópico; Eczema atópico

Definición:

Es un trastorno crónico de la piel que consiste en erupciones pruriginosas y descamativas. El eccema atópico es el tipo más común.

Ver también:

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El eccema atópico se debe a una reacción de hipersensibilidad (similar a una alergia) en la piel, que lleva a una inflamación cutánea prolongada.

El eccema es más común en bebés. Muchas personas lo superan con el tiempo a comienzos de la vida adulta. La afección tiende a ser hereditaria.

Las personas con eccema a menudo tienen también asma o rinitis alérgica. A menudo, hay antecedentes de afecciones alérgicas como asma, rinitis alérgica o el mismo eccema.

Los siguientes factores pueden empeorar los síntomas de eccema:

Alergias al polen, el moho, los ácaros del polvo o los animales.
Resfriados o la gripe.
Contacto con materiales ásperos.
Piel reseca.
Exposición a irritantes ambientales.
Exposición al agua.
Sentir demasiado frío o demasiado calor.
Fragancias o tintes agregados a las lociones o jabones para la piel.
Estrés.

Reviewed last on: 10/10/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Excema and hand dermatitis. In: Habif TP, ed. Clinical Dermatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 3.

Atopic dermatitis. In: Habif TP, ed. Clinical Dermatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 5.

Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks, W and the Committee on Nutrition and Section on Allergy and Immunology. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: The role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics. 2008;121:183-191.

Lewis-Jones S, Mugglestone MA; Guideline Development Group. Management of atopic eczema in children aged up to 12 years: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2007;335:1263-1264.

Ascroft DM, Chen LC, Garside R, Stein K, Williams HC. Topical pimecrolimus for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD005500.

Bath-Hextall FJ, Delamere FM, Williams HC. Dietary exclusions for established atopic eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD005203.

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