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Herpes genital - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Herpes en los genitales; Herpes simple genital; Herpesvirus 2; VHS-2

Definición:

Es una infección viral de transmisión sexual que afecta la piel o las membranas mucosas de los genitales.

Causas:

El herpes es causado por dos virus:

  • Virus del herpes simple tipo 1 (VHS-1)
  • Virus del herpes simple tipo 2 (VHS-2)

El virus del herpes simple tipo 2 (VHS-2) causa la mayoría de los casos de herpes genital y se puede transmitir a través de secreciones orales o genitales.

El virus del herpes simple tipo 1 (VHS-1) casi siempre causa infecciones por herpes de la boca y los labios (comúnmente llamadas herpes labial o boqueras o herpes febril) y se puede transmitir de la boca a los genitales durante el sexo oral.

El virus del herpes simple (VHS) se disemina de una persona a otra durante el contacto sexual. Usted se puede infectar con herpes cuando su piel, vagina, pene o boca entran en contacto con alguien que ya tiene herpes.

El herpes muy probablemente se transmite por contacto con la piel de una persona infectada que tenga úlceras, ampollas o una erupción (un brote activo) visibles, pero también se puede contraer de la piel de una persona infectada cuando no tiene ninguna úlcera visible presente (y la persona puede incluso no saber que está infectada) o de la boca (saliva) o los flujos vaginales de una persona infectada.

Debido a que el virus puede propagarse incluso cuando no hay ningún síntoma o úlceras presentes, un compañero sexual que haya estado infectado con herpes en el pasado, pero que no tenga ninguna úlcera de herpes activa, todavía puede transmitirle la infección a otros.

Las infecciones genitales por el VHS-2 son más comunes en las mujeres (aproximadamente 1 de cada 4 mujeres está infectada) que en los hombres (casi 1 de cada 8 hombres está infectado).

  • Reviewed last on: 5/9/2011
  • A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, and David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, WA; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine (9/13/2009).

Referencias

Bernstein H. Maternal and perinatal infection - viral. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, eds. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2007: chap 48.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Workowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR. 2006;55(RR-11):1-94.

Cerink C, Gallina K, Brodell RT. The treatment of herpes simplex infections: an evidence-based review. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(11):1137-44.

Gupta R, Warren T, Wald A. Genital herpes. Lancet. 2007;307(9605):2127-37.

Lebrun-Vignes B, Bouzamondo A, Dupuy A, Guillaume JC, Lechet P, Chosidow O. A meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of oral antiviral treatment to prevent genital herpes outbreaks. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(2):238-46.

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