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Zóster - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Herpes zóster o culebrilla

Definición:

Es una erupción vesicante y dolorosa debido al virus varicella-zoster, que ocasiona la varicela.

Ver también: síndrome de Ramsay Hunt

Causas:

Después de que uno contrae varicela, el virus permanece inactivo (latente) en ciertos nervios del cuerpo. La culebrilla o zóster ocurre después de que el virus se reactiva en estos nervios después de muchos años.

La razón por la cual el virus se vuelve activo de nuevo no es clara. Con frecuencia, sólo se presenta un ataque.

El zóster se puede desarrollar en cualquier grupo de edad, pero uno tiene mayor probabilidad de desarrollar la afección si:

  • Tiene más de 60 años
  • Le dio varicela antes de cumplir un año
  • Su sistema inmunitario está debilitado por medicamentos o enfermedad

Si un adulto o un niño tiene contacto directo con la erupción por herpes zóster y no ha tenido varicela de niño o no ha recibido la vacuna contra esta enfermedad, puede desarrollar varicela en lugar de zóster.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/25/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sampathkumar P, Drage LA, Martin DP. Herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Mar;84(3):274-80.

Whitley RJ. Varicella-Zoster virus. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 137.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended adult immunization schedule: United States, 2010. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:36-39.

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