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Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) - Overview

Nombres alternativos

EIP (infección genital femenina); Ooforitis; Salpingitis; Salpingo ooforitis; Salpingo peritonitis

Definición:

Es un término general para la infección del revestimiento del útero, las trompas de Falopio o los ovarios.

Ver también: endometritis

Causas:

La mayoría de los casos de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) son causados por bacterias que se movilizan desde la vagina o el cuello uterino hasta el útero, las trompas de Falopio, los ovarios o la pelvis.

La causa más común de EIP es el contacto sexual sin usar un condón u otra protección. Esto se denomina enfermedades de transmisión sexual. La clamidia y la gonorrea son las dos bacterias que causan la mayoría de los casos de EIP.

Sin embargo, las bacterias también pueden penetrar en el organismo durante algunos procedimientos quirúrgicos o realizados en el consultorio médico, como:

En los Estados Unidos, cerca de 1 millón de mujeres presenta enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica anualmente y alrededor de 1 de cada 8 adolescentes sexualmente activas presentará esta enfermedad antes de los 20 años.

Los factores de riesgo abarcan:

  • Compañero sexual masculino con gonorrea o clamidia
  • Compañeros sexuales múltiples
  • Antecedentes de cualquier enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS)
  • Antecedentes de EIP
  • Inserción reciente de un DIU
  • Actividad sexual durante la adolescencia
  • Reviewed last on: 9/2/2009
  • Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Facility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update to sexually transmitted diseases guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR. 2007;56:332-336.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for gonorrhea: recommendation statement. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72:1783-1786.

Meyers D, Wolff T, Gregory K, et al. USPSTF recommendations for STI screening. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:819-824.

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