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Menopausia - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Perimenopausia; Posmenopausia

Síntomas:

En algunas mujeres, el flujo menstrual se detiene repentinamente. Lo más común es que disminuya lentamente con el tiempo. Durante este tiempo, los períodos menstruales generalmente se hacen ya sea más seguidos o espaciados más ampliamente. Esta irregularidad puede durar de 1 a 3 años antes de que la menstruación cese por completo. Antes de esto, la duración del ciclo se puede acortar a tan solo cada tres semanas.

Los síntomas comunes de la menopausia abarcan:

  • Latidos cardíacos fuertes o acelerados
  • Sofocos
  • Sudores fríos
  • Enrojecimiento de la piel
  • Problemas para dormir (insomnio)

Otros síntomas de menopausia pueden abarcar:

  • Disminución del interés sexual, posiblemente disminución de la respuesta a la estimulación sexual
  • Olvido (en algunas mujeres)
  • Dolores de cabeza
  • Períodos menstruales irregulares
  • Cambios en el estado de ánimo incluyendo irritabilidad, depresión y ansiedad
  • Escapes de orina
  • Resequedad vaginal y relaciones sexuales dolorosas
  • Infecciones vaginales
  • Dolores articulares
  • Latidos cardíacos irregulares (palpitaciones)

Pruebas y exámenes:

Se pueden utilizar exámenes de orina y de sangre para medir los cambios en los niveles hormonales que pueden indicar cuándo una mujer está cerca de la menopausia o ya ha llegado a ella. Ejemplos de exámenes de este tipo abarcan:

Un examen pélvico puede indicar cambios en el revestimiento vaginal causados por la disminución en los niveles de estrógenos. El médico puede llevar a cabo un examen de densidad ósea para evaluar niveles de baja densidad en los huesos que se presentan con la osteoporosis. La tasa de pérdida ósea se incrementa durante los primeros años después del último período.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/11/2010
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine.

Referencias

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Gynecologic Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 420, November 2008: hormone therapy and heart disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;112(5):1189-92.

Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2010 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2010 Jan-Feb;17(1):25-54; quiz 55-6.

North American Menopause Society. Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: 2010 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2010 Mar;17(2):242-55.

Col NF, Fairfield KM, Ewan-Whyte C, Miller H. In the clinic. Menopause. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Apr 7;150(7):ITC4-1-15.

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