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Sangrado uterino disfuncional (SUD) - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Sangrado disfuncional del útero; Sangrado anovulatorio; SUD; Sangrado uterino anormal; Menorragia disfuncional; Polimenorrea disfuncional; Metrorragia disfuncional

Definición:

Es un sangrado vaginal anormal que se debe a cambios en los niveles hormonales.

Causas:

El ciclo menstrual, o período, de cada mujer es diferente. En promedio, el período de una mujer ocurre cada 28 días. La mayoría de las mujeres tiene ciclos entre 24 y 34 días y éste generalmente dura de 4 a 7 días.

Las niñas jóvenes pueden tener sus períodos en cualquier momento con intervalo desde 21 a 45 días o más. Las mujeres de 40 años notarán a menudo que su período ocurre con menor frecuencia.

Aproximadamente cada mes, los niveles de las hormonas femeninas producidas en el cuerpo de una mujer suben y bajan. El estrógeno y la progesterona son dos hormonas muy importantes. Estas hormonas juegan un papel importante en la ovulación, el tiempo cuando los ovarios liberan un óvulo.

El sangrado uterino disfuncional ocurre con mayor frecuencia cuando los ovarios no liberan un óvulo. Los cambios en los niveles hormonales provocan que su período se retrase o se adelante y que algunas veces sea más abundante de lo normal.

Ver también: sangrado vaginal.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/25/2011
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc; Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Bellevue, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine.

Referencias

Lobo RA. Abnormal uterine bleeding: Ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, management of acute and chronic excessive bleeding. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2007:chap 37.

Kaunitz AM, Meredith S, Inki P, Kubba A, Sanchez-Ramos L. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and endometrial ablation in heavy menstrual bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:1104-1116.

Casablanca Y. Management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2008;35:219-234.

Damlo S. ACOG guidelines on endometrial ablation. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:545-549.

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 110: noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jan;115(1):206-18.

Middleton LJ, Champaneria R, Daniels JP, Bhattacharya S, Cooper KG, Hilken NH, et al. Hysterectomy, endometrial destruction, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for heavy menstrual bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from individual patients. BMJ. 2010 Aug 16;341:c3929. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3929.

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