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Miomas uterinos - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Fibroides; Fibromioma; Leiomioma; Mioma

Definición:

Son tumores no cancerosos (benignos) que aparecen en el útero (matriz), un órgano reproductor femenino.

Causas:

Los miomas uterinos son comunes. Una de cada 5 mujeres puede tener miomas durante sus años de fertilidad (el tiempo después de comenzar la menstruación por primera vez y antes de la menopausia). La mitad de las mujeres tiene miomas hacia los 50 años.

Los miomas son infrecuentes en mujeres menores de 20 años y son más comunes en mujeres de raza negra que en mujeres de raza blanca.

Se desconoce la causa de los miomas en el útero. Sin embargo, el crecimiento de los miomas uterinos ha estado ligado a la hormona estrógeno. En tanto una mujer con miomas esté menstruando, éstos probablemente seguirán creciendo, por lo general de manera lenta.

Los miomas uterinos pueden ser tan diminutos que puede ser necesario un microscopio para verlos. Sin embargo, también pueden crecer hasta un gran tamaño, pueden llenar todo el útero y pesar varias libras. Aunque es posible que sólo se desarrolle un mioma uterino, generalmente hay más de uno.

Los miomas a menudo se describen por su localización en el útero:

  • Miometriales: en la pared muscular del útero.
  • Submucosos: justo bajo la superficie del revestimiento uterino.
  • Subserosos: justo bajo la cubierta externa del útero.
  • Pediculados: se presentan en un tallo o pedúnculo largo en la parte externa del útero o dentro de la cavidad del útero.
  • Reviewed last on: 7/25/2011
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Bellevue, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine.

Referencias

Katz VL. Benign gynecologic lesions: Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 18.

Rodriguez MI, Warden M, Darney PD. Intrauterine progestins, progesterone antagonists, and receptor modulators: a review of gynecologic applications. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May;202(5):420-8. Epub 2009 Dec 23. Review.

Moss J, Cooper K, Khaund A, et al. Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5-year results. BJOG. 2011 Jul;118(8):936-944.

Peddada SD, Laughlin SK, Miner K, et al. Growth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black and white women. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008 Dec 16;105(50):19887-92. Epub 2008 Dec 1.

Van Voorhis B. A 41-year-old woman with menorrhagia, anemia, and fibroids: review of treatment of uterine fibroids. JAMA. 2009;301:82-93.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin. Alternatives to hysterectomy in the management of leiomyomas. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:387-400.

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