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Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Neurosis obsesiva-compulsiva; TOC

Definición:

Es un trastorno de ansiedad en el cual las personas tienen pensamientos, sentimientos, ideas, sensaciones (obsesiones) o comportamientos repetitivos e indeseables que los impulsan a hacer algo (compulsiones).

Con frecuencia, la persona se comporta de cierta manera para librarse de los pensamientos obsesivos, pero esto sólo brinda alivio temporal. El hecho de no llevar a cabo los rituales obsesivos puede causar una enorme ansiedad.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo es más común de lo que alguna vez se pensaba y la mayoría de las personas que lo desarrollan muestra síntomas hacia la edad de 30 años.

Hay varias teorías acerca de la causa del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, pero ninguna ha sido confirmada. En algunos informes, este trastorno se asocia con un traumatismo craneal o con infecciones. Algunos estudios han mostrado que hay anomalías cerebrales en pacientes con este trastorno, pero se requiere de más investigación.

Aproximadamente el 20% de las personas con este trastorno presenta tics, lo que sugiere que la afección puede tener relación con el síndrome de Tourette, pero este vínculo no es claro.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/11/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Michelle Benger Merrill, MD, Instructor in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Blais MA, Smallwood P, Groves JE, Rivas-Vazquez RA. Personality and personality disorders. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 39.

Feinstein RE, Connelly JV. Personality disorders. In: Rakel RE, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 60.

Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB, et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:5-53.

Stein DJ, Denys D, Gloster AT, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnostic and treatment issues. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009;32:665-685.

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