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Histeria clásica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Briquet

Definición:

Es una afección prolongada (crónica) en la cual una persona tiene síntomas físicos que involucran más de una parte del cuerpo, pero no se puede encontrar ninguna causa física.

El dolor y otros síntomas que las personas con este trastorno sienten son reales y no son creados ni fingidos (hacerse el enfermo).

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El trastorno generalmente comienza antes de los 30 años y tiende a ser más frecuente en las mujeres que en los hombres. Es más común en personas con síndrome del intestino irritable y dolor crónico.

En el pasado, se pensaba que este trastorno estaba relacionado con el estrés emocional. Al dolor se le restaba importancia por considerarse que estaba "todo en la cabeza".

Sin embargo, los pacientes con histeria clásica parecen experimentar dolor u otros síntomas de una manera que aumenta su nivel de dolor. El dolor y la preocupación crean un ciclo que es difícil de romper.

Las personas que tienen antecedentes de maltrato físico o abuso sexual son más propensas a padecer este trastorno. Sin embargo, no toda persona con una histeria clásica tiene una historia de abuso.

A medida que los investigadores estudian las conexiones entre el cerebro y el cuerpo, hay más evidencia de que el bienestar emocional afecta la forma en la cual las personas perciben el dolor y otros síntomas.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/9/2010
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Michelle Benger Merrill, MD, Instructor in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Greenberg DB, Braun IM, Cassem NH. Functional somatic symptoms and somatoform disorders. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 24.

Witthöft M, Hiller W. Psychological approaches to origins and treatments of somatoform disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:257-283.

deGruy FV. The somatic patient. In: Rakel RE, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 61.

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