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Atrofia muscular espinal - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad de Werdnig-Hoffmann

Síntomas:

Los bebés con atrofia muscular espinal tipo I nacen con muy poco tono muscular, músculos débiles, al igual que con problemas respiratorios y de alimentación. Con la atrofia muscular espinal tipo III, los síntomas pueden no aparecer hasta el segundo año de vida.

A menudo, la debilidad se nota primero en los músculos de los hombros y en los músculos proximales de las piernas. La debilidad empeora con el tiempo y finalmente se vuelve severa.

Síntomas en un bebé:

  • Dificultad respiratoria
  • Dificultad para la alimentación
  • Bebé flácido (tono muscular bajo)
  • Ausencia de control de la cabeza
  • Poco movimiento espontáneo
  • Debilidad progresiva (lactante a niño pequeño que empieza a caminar)
  • Bebé muy débil

Síntomas en un niño:

  • Infecciones respiratorias severas cada vez más frecuentes
  • Voz nasal
  • Empeoramiento de la postura

Signos y exámenes:

El médico elaborará una historia clínica cuidadosa y llevará a cabo un examen del sistema nervioso y del cerebro (neurológico) para averiguar si hay:

  • Antecedentes familiares de enfermedad neuromuscular
  • Músculos flácidos
  • Ausencia de reflejos tendinosos profundos
  • Espasmos (fasciculaciones musculares) del músculo de la lengua

Exámenes:

  • Reviewed last on: 3/9/2010
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF. The hip. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier; 2007:chap 606.

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