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Retinopatía hipertensiva - Overview

Definición:

Es un daño a la retina a raíz de hipertensión arterial. La retina es la capa de tejido en la parte posterior del ojo que transforma la luz y las imágenes que ingresan al ojo en señales nerviosas que se envían al cerebro.

Ver también: retinopatía diabética

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La hipertensión arterial puede provocar daño a los vasos sanguíneos en la retina. Cuanto más alta sea la presión arterial y mayor sea el tiempo que ésta haya estado elevada, más probable será que el daño sea grave.

Cuando usted tiene diabetes, niveles de colesterol alto o fuma, presenta un riesgo más alto de daño y pérdida de la visión.

En muy pocas ocasiones, se desarrolla una afección llamada hipertensión maligna. Las lecturas de presión arterial repentinamente se tornan muy altas. Algunas veces, la elevación súbita en la presión arterial puede causar cambios más graves en el ojo.

Igualmente es más probable que ocurran otros problemas con la retina, como:

  • Reviewed last on: 8/31/2010
  • Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kovach JL, Schwartz SG, Schneider S, Rosen RB. Systemic hypertension and the eye. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2009:chap 13.

Klig JE. Ophthalmologic complications of systemic disease. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008;26(1):217-231.

Rogers AH. Hypertensive retinopathy. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 6.15.

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