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Retinopatía hipertensiva - Symptom

Síntomas:

La mayoría de las personas con retinopatía hipertensiva no tienen síntomas hasta cuando la enfermedad está avanzada.

La hipertensión maligna puede causar los siguientes síntomas súbitos y debe considerarse una urgencia médica:

Signos y exámenes:

Usando un instrumento llamado un oftalmoscopio, el médico puede ver el estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos y signos de que el líquido se ha filtrado desde éstos.

El grado de daño a la retina (retinopatía) se clasifica en una escala de 1 a 4:

  • En el grado 1, es posible que usted no tenga síntomas.
  • Entre los grados 1 y 4, hay muchos cambios en los vasos sanguíneos, áreas dónde los vasos sanguíneos se han filtrado, y otras partes de la retina.
  • La retinopatía hipertensiva grado 4 abarca hinchazón del nervio óptico y del centro visual de la retina (mácula). Esta hinchazón puede causar disminución de la visión.

La angiografía con fluoresceína se puede emplear para examinar los vasos sanguíneos.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/31/2010
  • Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kovach JL, Schwartz SG, Schneider S, Rosen RB. Systemic hypertension and the eye. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2009:chap 13.

Klig JE. Ophthalmologic complications of systemic disease. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008;26(1):217-231.

Rogers AH. Hypertensive retinopathy. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 6.15.

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