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Ambliopía - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Ojo perezoso

Definición:

Es la pérdida de la capacidad de un ojo para ver los detalles y es la causa más común de problemas de visión en los niños.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La ambliopía ocurre cuando la ruta nerviosa desde un ojo hasta el cerebro no se desarrolla durante la infancia. Esto ocurre debido a que el ojo anormal envía una imagen borrosa o equivocada al cerebro.

Esto confunde al cerebro y éste puede aprender a ignorar la imagen proveniente del ojo más débil.

El estrabismo es la causa más común de ambliopía y, con frecuencia, hay un antecedente familiar de esta afección.

El término "ojo perezoso" se refiere a la ambliopía que a menudo ocurre junto con el estrabismo. Sin embargo, la ambliopía puede ocurrir sin el estrabismo y las personas pueden tener estrabismo sin ambliopía.

Otras causas abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 8/12/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Disorders of vision. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 620.

Olitsky SE, Coats DK. Amblyopia and its management. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009:chap 10.

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