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Visión corta - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Miopía; Cortedad de vista; Error de refracción y miopía

Definición:

La miopía se presenta cuando la luz que entra al ojo se enfoca de manera incorrecta, haciendo que los objetos distantes aparezcan borrosos. La miopía es un tipo de error de refracción del ojo.

Si usted sufre de miopía, tiene problemas para ver objetos que están lejos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Las personas son capaces de ver debido a que la parte frontal del ojo puede inclinar (refractar) la luz y dirigirla hacia la superficie posterior de este órgano, llamada retina.

La miopía ocurre cuando la longitud física del ojo es mayor a la longitud óptica.

Esto hace que para los ojos sea más difícil enfocar la luz directamente sobre la retina. Si los rayos de luz no se enfocan claramente sobre la retina, las imágenes que usted ve pueden ser borrosas.


Vista

La miopía afecta a hombres y mujeres por igual. Las personas con antecedentes familiares de visión corta son más propensas a presentarla. La mayoría de los ojos con miopía son sanos, pero un pequeño número de personas con miopía grave desarrolla una forma de degeneración retiniana.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/28/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Abnormalities of refraction and accommodation. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 619.

Wilkinson PS, David EA, Hardten DR. LASIK. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 3.5.

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