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Desprendimiento de retina - Overview

Definición:

Es la separación de la membrana sensible a la luz, situada en la parte posterior del ojo (retina), de sus capas de soporte.

Causas:

La retina es un tejido transparente en la parte posterior del ojo que lo ayuda a uno a ver las imágenes enfocadas en ella por la córnea y el cristalino. Los desprendimientos de retina con frecuencia están asociados con un desgarro o perforación en dicha retina, a través del cual se pueden filtrar los líquidos del ojo. Esto causa la separación de la retina de los tejidos subyacentes.

El desprendimiento de retina a menudo ocurre espontáneamente sin una causa subyacente. Sin embargo, también puede ser causado por un traumatismo, diabetes o un trastorno inflamatorio. Con mayor frecuencia, puede ser causado por una afección conexa, llamada desprendimiento vítreo posterior.

Durante un desprendimiento de retina, el sangrado proveniente de los pequeños vasos sanguíneos retinianos puede causar opacidad en el interior del ojo, que normalmente está lleno con humor vítreo. La visión central puede resultar seriamente afectada si la mácula, parte de la retina responsable de la visión fina, se desprende.

Los factores de riesgo son cirugía previa del ojo, miopía, antecedentes familiares de desprendimiento de retina, diabetes incontrolada y traumatismo.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/6/2009
  • Paul B. Griggs, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Costarides AP. Elevated intraocular pressure following vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2004;17:507-512.

Fay A. Diseases of the visual system. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 449.

Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ, et al. Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2004:786-791.

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