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Retinitis pigmentaria - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Definición:

Es una enfermedad ocular en la cual hay daño a la retina. La retina es la capa de tejido ubicada en la parte posterior del ojo que convierte las imágenes luminosas en señales nerviosas y las envía al cerebro.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La retinitis pigmentaria puede ser hereditaria. Es un trastorno que puede ser causado por muchos defectos genéticos.

Las células que controlan la visión nocturna (bastoncillos) son más propensas a resultar afectadas; sin embargo, en algunos casos, las células del cono retiniano son las que reciben el mayor daño. El principal signo de la enfermedad es la presencia de depósitos oscuros en la retina.

El principal factor de riesgo es un antecedente familiar de retinitis pigmentaria. Es una rara enfermedad que afecta a aproximadamente 1 de cada 4,000 personas en los Estados Unidos.

El ojo

Examen con lámpara de hendidura

Reviewed last on: 5/7/2010
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Berson EL. Retinitis pigmentosa and allied retinal diseases. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 24.

Fay A. Diseases of the visual system. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 449.

Sieving PA, Caruso RC. Retinitis pigmentosa and related disorders. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. Maryland Heights, Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 6.10.

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