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脷lceras e infecciones corneales - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Queratitis por Acanthamoeba; Queratitis bacteriana; Queratitis mic贸tica; Queratitis por herpes simple

Definici贸n:

La c贸rnea es el tejido claro (transparente) de la parte frontal del ojo. Una 煤lcera corneal es una erosi贸n o 煤lcera abierta en la capa externa de la c贸rnea y con frecuencia causada por infecci贸n.

Ver tambi茅n: lesi贸n corneal

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Las 煤lceras corneales suelen ser causadas principalmente por una infecci贸n con bacterias, virus, hongos o un par谩sito.

  • La queratitis por Acanthamoebase presenta en usuarios de lentes de contacto, en especial en aqu茅llos que hacen sus propias soluciones de limpieza caseras.
  • La queratitis mic贸tica puede aparecer despu茅s de una lesi贸n corneal que involucre material vegetal o en personas inmunodeprimidas.
  • La queratitis por herpes simple es una infecci贸n v铆rica grave que puede tener ataques repetitivos provocados por el estr茅s, la exposici贸n a la luz solar o cualquier otra afecci贸n que deteriore el sistema inmunitario.

Las infecciones o 煤lceras corneales tambi茅n pueden ser causadas por:

  • P谩rpados que no cierran bien, como con la par谩lisis de Bell
  • Cuerpos extra帽os en el ojo
  • Abrasiones (rasgu帽os) en la superficie del ojo
  • Resequedad severa en los ojos
  • Enfermedad ocular al茅rgica grave
  • Diversos trastornos inflamatorios

El uso de lentes de contacto, en especial lentes suaves que se usan durante la noche, puede causar una 煤lcera corneal.

Lesi贸n corneal

Lesi贸n corneal
  • Reviewed last on: 7/28/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sharma R, Brunette DD. Ophthalmology. In: Mark JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2009:chap 69.

McLeod SD. Bacterial keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 4.12.

McLeod SD. Fungal keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 4.13.

Tuli SS. Herpes simplex keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 4.15.

Soukiasian S. Peripheral ulcerative keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 4.16.

Bouchard CS. Noninfectious keratitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 4.17.

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