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Otosclerosis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Otospongiosis; Estapedectomía

Definición:

Es un crecimiento óseo anormal en el oído medio que causa hipoacusia.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La causa de la otosclerosis se desconoce, sin embargo, hay alguna evidencia de que puede ser hereditaria.

Las personas con otosclerosis presentan un hueso esponjoso anormal que crece en el oído medio. Este crecimiento impide que el oído vibre en respuesta a las ondas sonoras y estas vibraciones se necesitan para que uno pueda oír.

La otosclerosis es la causa más frecuente de hipoacusia en el oído medio en adultos jóvenes. Esta afección típicamente comienza desde el principio hasta la mitad de la adultez y es más común en las mujeres que en los hombres. La enfermedad generalmente afecta a ambos oídos.

Los factores de riesgo que predisponen a esta afección comprenden antecedentes familiares de hipoacusia y embarazo. Las personas de raza blanca son más propensas que otras a presentar esta afección.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/3/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

House JW, Cunningham CD III. Otosclerosis. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 144.

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