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Ruptura del tímpano - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Perforación de la membrana timpánica; Perforación o ruptura del tímpano; Tímpano perforado; Tímpano perforado o roto

Definición:

Es una abertura o agujero en la delgada capa de tejido (tímpano) que separa el oído medio del externo.

Causas:

El tímpano vibra cuando las ondas sonoras lo golpean. Estas vibraciones atraviesan luego los huesos del oído medio y estimulan al oído interno, enviando impulsos nerviosos al cerebro. Cuando el tímpano está dañado, se interrumpe el proceso auditivo.

Las infecciones en el oído pueden causar ruptura del tímpano, con mayor frecuencia en los niños. La infección provoca que se acumule pus o líquido detrás del tímpano y, a medida que la presión se incrementa, éste se puede abrir o romper.

El daño al tímpano también pueden ocurrir a raíz de:

  • Un ruido muy fuerte (trauma acústico).
  • Diferencia en la presión entre el interior y el exterior del tímpano (barotrauma), que puede ocurrir al volar, bucear o conducir en las montañas.
  • Objetos extraños en el oído.
  • Traumatismo en el oído (como una cachetada o explosión potentes).
  • Inserción de aplicadores con puntas de algodón o de objetos pequeños en los oídos para limpiarlos.
  • Reviewed last on: 4/15/2011
  • Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kerschner JE. Otitis media. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 639.

Bauer CA, Jenkins HA. Otologic symptoms and syndromes. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, Robbins KT, Thomas JR, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2005:chap 126.

Ramakrishnan K, Sparks RA, Berryhill WE. Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(11):1650-1658.

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