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Barotrauma del oído - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Barotitis media; Barotrauma; Estallido del oído; Disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio; Dolor de oído relacionado con la presión

Definición:

Es una molestia y posible daño en el oído debido a las diferencias de presión entre la parte interna y la parte externa del tímpano.

Causas:

La presión del aire en el oído medio generalmente es igual a la presión del aire fuera del cuerpo. La trompa de Eustasquio es una conexión entre el oído medio, la parte posterior de la nariz y la parte superior de la garganta.

La deglución o el bostezo abre la trompa de Eustaquio y permite que el aire entre y salga del oído medio, manteniendo la presión del aire en ambos lados del tímpano igual. Si la trompa de Eustaquio se obstruye, se presenta una diferencia entre la presión del aire en el oído medio y la presión del aire al exterior del tímpano, lo cual causa barotrauma.

Muchas personas experimentan barotrauma en algún momento. Esto ocurre comúnmente con los cambios de altitud, como al viajar en avión, practicar buceo con escafandra o conducir en las montañas. El barotrauma es más probable que se presente cuando existe congestión nasal provocada por alergias, resfriados o infección de las vías respiratorias altas.

La obstrucción de la trompa de Eustaquio podría también estar presente al nacer (congénita) o se puede presentar debido a la inflamación en la garganta.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/9/2011
  • A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, and David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington (8/3/2010).

Referencias

O’Reilly RC, Sando I. Anatomy and physiology of the eustachian tube. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 131.

Arts HA. Sensorineural hearing loss in adults. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 149.

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