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Atresia pulmonar - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Atresia pulmonar con tabique íntegro; APTI

Definición:

Es una forma de cardiopatía congénita en la cual la válvula pulmonar no se forma de manera apropiada. La válvula pulmonar es una abertura en el lado derecho del corazón que regula el flujo de sangre desde el ventrículo derecho (cámara de bombeo del lado derecho) hacia los pulmones.

En la atresia pulmonar, se forma una capa sólida de tejido donde debería estar la abertura de la válvula y dicha válvula permanece cerrada. Debido a este defecto, la sangre del lado derecho del corazón no puede viajar a los pulmones para ser oxigenada.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Como sucede con la mayoría de las cardiopatías congénitas, no hay una causa conocida para la atresia pulmonar. La afección está asociada con otro tipo de cardiopatía congénita llamada conducto arterial persistente (CAP).

Las personas con atresia pulmonar también pueden tener una válvula tricúspide con un desarrollo deficiente. Igualmente, pueden tener un ventrículo derecho subdesarrollado y vasos sanguíneos anormales irrigando el corazón.

La atresia pulmonar puede ocurrir con o sin la presencia de una comunicación interventricular (CIV). Si la persona no tiene esta comunicación, la afección se denomina atresia pulmonar con tabique íntegro (APTI). Si la persona tiene ambos problemas, la afección se denomina atresia pulmonar con comunicación interventricular y es una forma extrema de tetralogía de Fallot. Aunque ambas afecciones se denominan atresia pulmonar, realmente son anomalías diferentes.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/21/2009
  • Kurt R. Schumacher, MD, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, MI. Review provided by Verimed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo; WB Saunders; 2007.

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