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Infección de válvulas
Nota: los síntomas de endocarditis se pueden desarrollar de forma lenta (subaguda) o repentina (aguda).
Los médicos podrían sospechar endocarditis en personas con antecedentes de:
El médico puede detectar un nuevo soplo cardíaco o un cambio en un soplo cardíaco previo. El examen de las uñas puede mostrar hemorragias en astilla.
El examen oftalmológico puede mostrar sangrado en la retina con un área central de aclaramiento, que se conoce como manchas de Roth. Puede haber pequeños puntos de hemorragia (petequias) en la conjuntiva. Las puntas de los dedos de las manos se pueden agrandar y las uñas pueden curvarse, lo cual se denomina dedos hipocráticos.
Exámenes:
Fowler VG Jr, Scheld WM, Bayer AS. Endocarditis and Intravascular Infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009; chapt 77.
Karchmer AW. Infective Endocarditis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 63.
Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007 Oct 9;116(15):1736-54.
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