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Comunicación interventricular - Overview

Nombres alternativos

CIV; Defecto del tabique ventricular

Definición:

Se refiere a uno o más orificios en la pared que separa los ventrículos izquierdo y derecho del corazón. Es uno de los defectos cardíacos congénitos (presentes al nacer) más comunes y puede ocurrir solo o con otras enfermedades congénitas.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Antes de que un bebé nazca, los ventrículos izquierdo y derecho de su corazón no están separados. A medida que el feto crece, se forma una pared para separa estos dos ventrículos. Si la pared no se forma por completo, queda un orificio, que se conoce como comunicación interventricular o CIV.

La comunicación interventricular es uno de los defectos cardíacos congénitos más común. Es posible que el bebé no presente síntomas y el orificio se puede cerrar finalmente a medida que la pared continúa creciendo después del nacimiento. Si el orificio es grande, se bombeará demasiada sangre a los pulmones, llevando a insuficiencia cardíaca.

La causa de esta afección aún no se conoce. Este defecto se presenta con frecuencia junto con otras anomalías cardíacas congénitas.

En los adultos, las comunicaciones interventriculares son una rara pero grave complicación de ataques cardíacos. Estos orificios están relacionados con ataques al corazón y no son el resultado de un defecto de nacimiento.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/21/2009
  • Kurt R. Schumacher, MD, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, MI. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007.

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