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Latidos cardíacos ectópicos - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Latido ventricular prematuro, PVB; Contracción ventricular prematura; Latidos prematuros; CPV; extrasístole; PVC; PVB

Definición:

Es una irregularidad del ritmo y frecuencia cardíacas que implica latidos cardíacos extra o interrumpidos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Los latidos cardíacos ectópicos son pequeñas variaciones en los latidos cardíacos por lo demás normales que causan un pulso irregular. Pueden ocurrir sin una causa obvia y normalmente son inofensivos.

Algunas veces están asociados con problemas químicos (electrolitos) en la sangre, los cuales necesitan tratamiento. Igualmente, se pueden presentar con isquemia causada por una reducción en el riego sanguíneo al corazón. También se pueden presentar en pacientes con enfermedades que involucran un padecimiento del miocardio.

Los latidos ectópicos pueden ser causados o agravados por el tabaquismo excesivo, el consumo de alcohol, cafeína, ciertos medicamentos como los estimulantes y algunas drogas ilícitas.

Los latidos ectópicos son raros en los niños que no padecen cardiopatía congénita. La mayoría de los latidos cardíacos extras en los niños son contracciones auriculares prematuras (CAP), las cuales casi siempre son benignas.

En los adultos, los latidos ectópicos son comunes y su causa se debe investigar incluso si resulta que no se necesita ningún tratamiento.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/1/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Director, Northwestern Clinic Echocardiography Lab, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Olgin JE. Approach to the patient with suspected arrhythmias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap. 61.

Toth PP, Shammas NW, Dippel EJ, Foreman B. Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. In: Rakel RE. Textbook of Family Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2007:chap. 39.

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