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Embolia arterial - Treatment

Tratamiento:

La embolia arterial requiere tratamiento oportuno en un hospital. Los objetivos del tratamiento son controlar los síntomas y mejorar el flujo de sangre interrumpido al área del cuerpo afectada. En caso de identificarse, se debe tratar la causa subyacente del coágulo con el fin de prevenir problemas posteriores.

Los medicamentos comprenden:

  • Anticoagulantes (como la warfarina o la heparina) que pueden prevenir la formación de nuevos coágulos
  • Medicamentos antiplaquetarios (como la ácido acetilsalicílico (aspirin), ticlopidina y clopidogrel) que pueden prevenir la formación de nuevos coágulos
  • Analgésicos administrados por vía intravenosa
  • Trombolíticos (como la estreptocinasa) que pueden disolver los coágulos

Algunas personas pueden necesitar cirugía y entre los procedimientos están:

  • Derivación (bypass ) de la arteria (derivación arterial) para crear una segunda fuente de suministro de sangre
  • Aspiración del coágulo (tromboaspiración)
  • Extracción del coágulo a través de un catéter con balón puesto en la arteria afectada o a través de una cirugía abierta en la arteria (embolectomía)
  • Abertura de la arteria mediante un catéter con balón (angioplastia) con o sin una endoprótesis vascular (stent ) implantada

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico del paciente depende de la localización del coágulo y de qué tanto haya bloqueado el flujo de sangre al área afectada. La embolia arterial puede ser grave si no se trata a tiempo.

El área afectada puede sufrir daños permanentes y hasta aproximadamente un 25% de los casos requiere amputación.

La embolia arterial puede regresar (reaparecer) incluso después de un tratamiento exitoso.

Complicaciones:

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

La persona debe acudir la sala de emergencias o llamar al número local de emergencias (como el 911 en Estados Unidos) si tiene síntomas de una embolia arterial.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/1/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Director, Northwestern Clinic Echocardiography Lab, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Clagett GP, Sobel M, Jackson MR, Lip GY, Tangelder M, Verhaeghe R. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral arterial occlusive disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3):609S-626S.

Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic). Circulation. 2006;113:e463-e654.

Goldman L. Approach to the patient wtih possible cardiovascular disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 48.

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