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Cardiopatía cianótica - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Derivación cardíaca de derecha a izquierda; Derivación circulatoria de derecha a izquierda

Síntomas:

Uno de los síntomas es la cianosis que generalmente se observa como una coloración azulada en los labios y en los dedos de las manos y los pies.

Algunos niños presentan problemas de respiración (disnea) y adoptan la posición de cuclillas después de la actividad física para mitigar la falta de respiración.

Otros presentan episodios en donde sus cuerpos carecen repentinamente de oxígeno. Durante dichos episodios, los síntomas pueden abarcar:

  • Ansiedad
  • Respiración exagerada (hiperventilación)
  • Aumento repentino en la cianosis

Es posible que los bebés se cansen o suden mientras se alimentan y que no aumenten el peso que debieran.

También es posible que se presente desmayo (síncope) y dolor torácico.

Otros síntomas dependen del tipo específico de cardiopatía cianótica y pueden abarcar:

  • Piel azulada o grisácea
  • Problemas de alimentación o poco apetito
  • Ojos o cara hinchados
  • Cansancio todo el tiempo

Pruebas y exámenes:

El examen físico confirma la cianosis. Es posible que el niño presente dedos hipocráticos.

El médico auscultará el corazón y los pulmones con un estetoscopio. Se pueden escuchar ruidos cardíacos anormales, un soplo cardíaco o crepitantes pulmonares.

Los exámenes variarán dependiendo de la causa, pero pueden abarcar:

  • Radiografía de tórax
  • Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)
  • Monitor de oxígeno transcutáneo (oxímetro de pulso)
  • Gasometría arterial
  • ECG (ecocardiografía)
  • Ecografía Doppler
  • Ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE)
  • Pruebas imagenológicas nucleares
  • Cateterismo cardíaco
  • Estudio electrofisiológico (EEF)
  • Resonancia magnética del corazón
  • Reviewed last on: 10/12/2009
  • Larry A. Weinrauch, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Disease and Clinical Outcomes Research, Watertown, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Congenital heart disease. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo; WB Saunders; 2007:chap 61.

Cyanotic congenital heart disease: Evaluation of the critically ill neonate with cyanosis and respiratory distress. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 429.

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