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Aneurisma - Overview

Definición:

Es un ensanchamiento o abombamiento anormal de una porción de una arteria debido a una debilidad en la pared del vaso sanguíneo.

Ver también:

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

No se tiene claridad exacta sobre las causas de los aneurismas. Algunos aneurismas se presentan al nacer (congénitos). Los defectos en algunas de las partes de la pared arterial pueden ser responsables.

Los lugares comunes para los aneurismas abarcan:

  • La arteria mayor que sale del corazón (la aorta)
  • El cerebro (aneurisma cerebral)
  • En la pierna detrás de la rodilla (aneurisma de la arteria poplítea)
  • El intestino (aneurisma de la arteria mesentérica)
  • Una arteria en el bazo (aneurisma de la arteria esplénica)

La hipertensión arterial, el colesterol alto y el tabaquismo pueden aumentar el riesgo de ciertos tipos de aneurismas. Se cree que la hipertensión arterial juega un papel en los aneurismas aórticos abdominales. La enfermedad ateroesclerótica (acumulación de colesterol en las arterias) también puede llevar a la formación de algunos aneurismas.

El embarazo está frecuentemente asociado con la formación y ruptura de aneurismas en la arteria esplénica.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/13/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Isselbacher EM. Diseases of the aorta. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 78.

Zivin JA. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 432.

Hauser SC. Vascular diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 146.

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