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Adrenoleucodistrofia - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Adrenoleucodistrofia; Adrenomieloneuropatía; Adrenoleucodistrofia cerebral infantil; ALD; Complejo de Schilder-Addison

Definición:

Es una denominación que describe algunos trastornos hereditarios estrechamente relacionados que interrumpen la descomposición (metabolismo) de ciertas grasas (ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga).

Causas:

La adrenoleucodistrofia se trasmite de padres a hijos como un rasgo genético ligado al cromosoma X. Por lo tanto, afecta sobre todo a los hombres, aunque algunas mujeres portadoras pueden tener formas más leves de la enfermedad. Esta enfermedad afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 20,000 personas de todas las razas.

Esta afección ocasiona la acumulación de ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga en el sistema nervioso, en las glándulas suprarrenales y en los testículos, lo cual interrumpe la actividad normal. Existen tres categorías principales de la enfermedad.

  • La forma cerebral infantil, que aparece hacia mediados de la niñez (de 4 - 8 años).
  • La adrenomielopatía, que se presenta en hombres hacia los 20 años o más tarde en la vida.
  • Alteración del funcionamiento de las glándulas suprarrenales (llamada enfermedad de Addison o fenotipo similar a Addison): la glándula suprarrenal no produce suficientes hormonas esteroides.
  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Johnston MV. Neurodegenerative disorders of childhood. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 599.

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