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Desequilibrio de líquidos - Overview

Definición:

Se refiere a un nivel anormal de líquidos en el cuerpo.

Causas:

Su cuerpo constantemente está perdiendo líquidos a través de la respiración, la transpiración y la micción. Si usted no toma líquidos suficientes, puede deshidratarse.

Su cuerpo también puede tener dificultades para eliminar líquidos, permitiendo que éstos se acumulen en exceso, lo cual se denomina hipervolemia.

Muchas enfermedades pueden causar desequilibrio de líquidos:

  • Es común retener grandes cantidades de líquido durante varios días después de una cirugía (causando hinchazón del cuerpo).
  • En la insuficiencia cardíaca, el líquido se acumula en los pulmones, el hígado, los vasos sanguíneos y los tejidos corporales debido a que el corazón realiza un trabajo de bombeo deficiente hacia los riñones donde puede eliminarse.
  • Cuando los riñones no trabajan bien debido a enfermedad renal crónica, el cuerpo no puede eliminar los líquidos innecesarios.
  • El cuerpo puede perder demasiado líquido debido a la diarrea, el vómito, la hemorragia excesiva o la fiebre alta.

Un desequilibrio de líquidos con frecuencia está asociado con desequilibrios de sodio, potasio (ver: hiponatremia, hipocaliemia e hipercaliemia) y otros químicos que ayudan a regular los líquidos corporales.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/15/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Seifter JL. Potassium disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 118.

Verbalis JG. Posterior pituitary. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 243.

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