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Hipotiroidismo neonatal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Cretinismo; Hipotiroidismo congénito; Hipotiroidismo en bebés

Definición:

Es la disminución de la producción de la hormona tiroidea en un recién nacido. En casos muy excepcionales, no se produce dicha hormona.

Si el bebé nació con esta afección, se denomina hipotiroidismo congénito. Si se presenta poco después del nacimiento, se llama hipotiroidismo adquirido en el período neonatal.

Causas:

El hipotiroidismo en el recién nacido puede ser causado por:

  • Ausencia o desarrollo insuficiente de la glándula tiroides.
  • Glándula hipofisaria que no estimula la glándula tiroides.
  • Hormonas tiroideas que se forman de manera deficiente o no funcionan.

El defecto más común es una glándula tiroides que no esté totalmente desarrollada y ocurre en aproximadamente 1 caso por cada 3,000 nacimientos. Afecta dos veces más a las niñas que a los niños.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/28/2011
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

LeFranchi S. Hypothyroidism. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme III JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011;chap 559.

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