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Hipogonadismo - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Deficiencia gonadal

Definición:

Se presenta cuando las glándulas sexuales producen pocas o ninguna hormona. En los hombres, estas glándulas (gónadas) son los testículos y en las mujeres son los ovarios.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La causa del hipogonadismo puede ser "primaria" o "central". En el hipogonadismo primario, los ovarios o los testículos no funcionan apropiadamente y entre algunas de sus causas se puede mencionar:

  • Ciertos trastornos autoinmunitarios
  • Trastornos genéticos y del desarrollo
  • Infección
  • Enfermedad hepática y renal
  • Radiación
  • Cirugía

Los trastornos genéticos más comunes que causan hipogonadismo primario son: el síndrome de Turner (en las mujeres) y el síndrome de Klinefelter (en los hombres).

En el hipogonadismo central, los centros en el cerebro que controlan las gónadas (la hipófisis y el hipotálamo) no funcionan apropiadamente y entre algunas de sus causas se pueden mencionar:

  • Sangrado
  • Ciertos medicamentos incluyendo esteroides y opiáceos
  • Problemas genéticos
  • Infecciones
  • Deficiencias nutricionales
  • Exceso de hierro (hemocromatosis)
  • Radiación
  • Pérdida de peso rápida y significativa
  • Cirugía
  • Trauma
  • Tumores

Una causa genética del hipogonadismo central que también disminuye el sentido del olfato es el síndrome de Kallaman en los hombres. Los tumores más comunes que afectan la hipófisis son el craneofaringioma en niños y el prolactinoma en adultos.

  • Reviewed last on: 10/14/2010
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sigman M, Jarow JP. Male infertility. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 19.

Molitch ME. Anterior pituitary. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 242.

White PC. Disorders of sexual differentiation. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 252.

Faiman C. Male hypogonadism. Cleveland Clinic: Current Clinical Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010:pgs 397-401.

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