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Síndrome de Morquio - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Mucopolisacaridosis tipo IVA; Deficiencia de galactosamina-6-sulfatasa; Mucopolisacaridosis tipo IVB; Deficiencia de beta galactosidasa; MPS IV

Definición:

Es una enfermedad hereditaria del metabolismo en el cual el cuerpo carece o no tiene suficiente cantidad de una sustancia necesaria para descomponer cadenas largas de moléculas de azúcar llamadas glucosaminoglicanos (anteriormente denominados mucopolisacáridos).

El síndrome pertenece a un grupo de enfermedades llamado mucopolisacaridosis (MPS) y específicamente se conoce como MPS IV.

Ver también:

Causas:

El síndrome de Morquio es un rasgo autosómico recesivo, lo que quiere decir que ambos padres tienen que transmitirle el gen defectuoso al hijo para que éste desarrolle esta enfermedad.

Existen dos formas del síndrome de Morquio: el tipo A y el tipo B.

  • Las personas con el tipo A no tienen una sustancia (enzima) llamada galactosamina -6- sulfatasa.
  • Las personas con el tipo B no producen suficiente cantidad de una enzima llamada beta-galactosidasa.

El cuerpo necesita estas enzimas para descomponer una cadena larga de moléculas de azúcar llamada cadena de azúcar de queratán sulfato. En ambos tipos, se acumulan cantidades anormalmente grandes de glucosaminoglicanos en el cuerpo y el cerebro, lo cual puede causar daño a órganos.

Se estima que el síndrome ocurre en uno de cada 200.000 nacimientos y los síntomas generalmente comienzan entre las edades de 1 y 3 años. Un antecedente familiar de este síndrome eleva el riesgo para desarrollar esta afección.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/15/2011
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Mucolipidoses Fact Sheet. Office of Communications and Public Liaison. Bethesda, MD; Publication No. 03-5115. February 13, 2007.

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