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Retinopatía diabética - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Retinopatía por diabetes; Fotocoagulación de la retina

Prevención:

El control estricto de la glucemia, la presión arterial y el colesterol es muy importante para prevenir la retinopatía diabética.

No fume. Si necesita ayuda para dejar de fumar, pregúntele al médico o a la enfermera.

Es posible que usted no se dé cuenta de que hay algún daño en sus ojos hasta que el problema sea muy grave. El médico puede detectar problemas oportunamente si usted se hace exámenes regulares. Igualmente, será necesario que vea a un oftalmólogo entrenado para tratar la retinopatía diabética.

Empiece por hacerse exámenes oftalmológicos con un oftalmólogo entrenado en el tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética:

  • Los niños de más de 10 años que hayan tenido diabetes por 3 a 5 años o más
  • Los adultos y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 2 poco después del diagnóstico
  • Los adolescentes y adultos con diabetes tipo 1 dentro de los 5 años después del diagnóstico
  • Después del primer examen, la mayoría de los pacientes debe practicarse un examen ocular anual.

Si usted está empezando un nuevo programa de ejercicios o está planeando quedar embarazada, hágase examinar los ojos. Evite los ejercicios de resistencia o de alto impacto que pueden fatigar los vasos sanguíneos ya debilitados en los ojos.

Si usted está en bajo riesgo, tal vez necesite exámenes de control únicamente cada dos a tres años. El examen oftalmológico debe incluir dilatación para verificar si hay signos de enfermedad de la retina (retinopatía).

  • Reviewed last on: 6/28/2011
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Divisiopn of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34 Suppl 1:S11-61.

O'Doherty M, Dooley I, Hickey-Dwyer M. Interventions for diabetic macular oedema: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Opthalmol. 2008;92:1581-1590.

Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net), Beck RW, Edwards AR, Aiello LP, Bressler NM, Ferris F, Glassman AR, et al. Three-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing focal/grid photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127:245-251.

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