A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint
Loading

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

Diabetes - Symptom

Síntomas:

Los niveles altos de azúcar en la sangre pueden causar diversos síntomas, como:

  • Visión borrosa
  • Sed excesiva
  • Fatiga
  • Micción frecuente
  • Hambre
  • Pérdida de peso

Debido a que la diabetes tipo 2 se desarrolla lentamente, algunas personas con niveles altos de glucemia son completamente asintomáticas.

Los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 1 se desarrollan en un período de tiempo corto y las personas pueden estar muy enfermas para el momento del diagnóstico.

Pruebas y exámenes:

Se puede utilizar un análisis de orina para buscar hiperglucemia; sin embargo, una prueba de orina sola no diagnostica diabetes.

El médico puede sospechar que usted tiene diabetes si su azúcar en la sangre es superior a 200 mg/dL. Para confirmar el diagnóstico, se deben hacer uno o más de los siguientes exámenes:

Exámenes de sangre:

  • Glucemia en ayunas: se diagnostica diabetes si el resultado es mayor de 126 mg/dL en dos oportunidades. Los niveles entre 100 y 126 mg/dL se denominan alteración de la glucosa en ayunas o prediabetes. Dichos niveles se consideran factores de riesgo para la diabetes tipo 2.
  • Examen de hemoglobina A1c:
    • Normal: menos de 5.7%
    • Prediabetes: entre 5.7% y 6.4%
    • Diabetes: 6.5% o superior
  • Prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa oral: se diagnostica diabetes si el nivel de glucosa es superior a 200 mg/dL luego de 2 horas (esta prueba se usa con mayor frecuencia para la diabetes tipo 2).

Las pruebas de detección para diabetes tipo 2 en personas asintomáticas se recomiendan para:

  • Niños obesos que tengan otros factores de riesgo para diabetes, comenzando a la edad de 10 años y repitiendo cada dos años.
  • Adultos con sobrepeso (IMC superior a 25) que tengan otros factores de riesgo.
  • Adultos de más de 45 años, repitiendo cada tres años.
  • Reviewed last on: 8/31/2011
  • A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, and David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network (6/28/2011).

Referencias

Alemzadeh R, Ali O. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, ed. Kliegman: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders;2011:chap 583.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2011. Diabetes Care. 2010; 34 Suppl 1:S11-S61.

Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, Cushman M, Inzucchi SE, Mukherjee D, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010;121:2694-2701.

Eisenbarth GS, Polonsky KS, Buse JB. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 31.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.866.408.6885